Optional Subjects

PAPER-IHistory and Problems of PhilosophyPlato and Aristotle : Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz); Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) : Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God.Hegel : Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism.Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein : Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying and Showing.Logical Positivism : Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.Later Wittgenstein : Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.Quine and Strawson : Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.Carvaka : Theory of Knowlegde; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.Jainism : Theory of Reality; Saptabhanginaya; Bondage and Liberation.Schools of Buddhism : Prat Ityasamutpada; Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.Nyaya—Vaiesesika : Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.Samkhya; Prakrit; Purusa; Causation; Liberation.Yoga; Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.Mimamsa: Theory of Knowlegde.Schools of Vedanta : Brahman; Isvara; Atman; Jiva; Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.PAPER-IISocio-Political PhilosophySocial and Political ldeals : Equality, Justice, Liberty.Sovereignty : Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.Individual and State : Rights; Duties and Accountability.Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism.Humanism; Secularism; Multi-culturalism.Crime and Punishment : Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital Punishment.Development and Social Progress.Gender Discrimination : Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar.Philosophy of ReligionNotions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).Problem of Evil.Soul : Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.Reason, Revelation and Faith.Religious Experience : Nature and Object (Indian and Western).Religion without God.Religion and Morality.Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-cognitive.